Trace of Plane in Engineering Drawing

PROJECTIONS AND TRACES OF

A Airplane Class NOTES

Plane projections a plane

help in the projection of solids.

Projection of oblique planes teach to

tackle difficult problems. Planes are

inclined to both HP and VP. In add-on,

projection of oblique planes makes

more knowledgeable and more than

confident. Projections and traces of planes makes

projection of solids elementary & like shooting fish in a barrel.

Projection of Planes

Start with the projection of a betoken.

Number of points makes a line. Draw projections of a line.

Lines course planes. Depict projections of a plane.

Thus we achieve the final aim.

Definition of a airplane

A plane is a 2-dimensional figure having length and breadth. Thickness is negligible. It is non a solid since a solid is always iii-dimensional. Projection of planes is drawing projections of a 2-dimensional effigy on the principal planes of projections. 2-dimensional figures include various shapes of an area like a rectangle, foursquare, circle, ellipse, pentagon, quadrilateral, hexagon etc. Project the Planes in the 3 positions given below.

Perpendicular to both the Primary planes of projection
Parallel to i and inclined to the other main planes of projection ( ϴ to HP and⊥ to VP)
Inclined to both the Principal planes of projection, called oblique planes (ϴ to HP and Ф to VP)

Fig. Projections of Planes

Aeroplane perpendicular to the principal planes of projection

These perpendicular planes have ii dissimilar positions.

(a) Perpendicular to both the Principal Planes of Projections

When such a airplane is projected, the Front view & top view will appear equally straight lines. These straight lines are perpendicular to reference line x y.

(b) Perpendicular to one and inclined to the other

(i) A Plane perpendicular to HP and inclined to VP

The Front view on VP will appear equally apparent shape. It is smaller than the actual plane. The top view on HP volition appear as an inclined line to reference line x y.

(ii) Given Plane perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP

The top view on HP appears as an apparent shape. it is smaller than the bodily plane.

Front view appears as inclined line to reference line x y on VP.

Note: When given plane is perpendicular to one and inclined to the other principal planes of project. Complete the projections in two steps.

Example i Plane inclined to VP and perpendicular to HP

First footstep

Given Plane inclined to VP. Have it parallel to VP. Draw the front view. Information technology gives the true shape. The peak view appears as a line parallel to ten y.

Second step

Tilt the airplane till information technology becomes inclined to VP at the required angle. Brand the line of top view equally inclined to x y at the required bending. Draw its Front view on VP. It is the final projections of the given aeroplane.

Case 2 Plane inclined to HP and perpendicular to VP

Step 1

Given aeroplane inclined to HP. Have it parallel to HP. Top view gives the true shape. The Front view appears as a line parallel to x y.

Step 2

Now tilt the plane till it becomes inclined to HP at the required angle. Make the Line of front view inclined to x y at the required angle. Draw the Top view on the HP. It becomes the terminal projections of the given airplane.

OBLIQUE Airplane

A aeroplane inclined to both HP and VP is an oblique plane. There are 2 unlike cases.

CASE 1

Oblique plane inclines at ϴ to HP and Ф to VP. It has one edge or bore or diagonal parallel to HP. Then do the projections in three steps.

STEP 1

Assume the airplane to be parallel to HP with an border perpendicular to VP and draw the projections. Front view will be a line and pinnacle view gives the true shape of the given plane.

STEP two

Now tilt it brand the required bending ϴ with HP. In the front view the required angle ϴ will exist visible and top view will become smaller in size.

Pace three

Turn the airplane to make angle Ф with the VP, draw the projections. Only the position of the Height View will change but shape and size will not change. Distances of the corners from x y will remain the same as in 2nd front end view.

There are 2 more possibilities of this inclined plane.

(i) One of the edges is in HP

Hither the plane is offset causeless to be lying in HP with an edge perpendicular to VP. Then complete the projections in three steps.

(ii) A corner of the given plane is in HP, then the starting position (Stride 1) is go on the line joining that corner and center of the aeroplane parallel to VP and complete the projections.

Example 2

The oblique aeroplane inclines at Ф to HP and at ϴ to VP. It has 1 edge or diameter or diagonal parallel to VP. Then complete the projections in iii steps.

STEP 1

Presume the plane to exist parallel to VP with an edge perpendicular to HP and draw the projections. Top view will be a line and Front view gives the true shape of the given aeroplane. These are ane^st front view and 1st top view.

Footstep 2

Tilt it to make the required bending Ф with VP. In the top view the required bending Ф volition be visible and front view will become smaller in size. These will be 2^nd front view and two^nd top view.

STEP three

Turn the plane to make angle ϴ with the HP, draw the projections. But the position of the Front View will change merely its shape and size will not alter. Distances of the corners from x y will remain the same equally in second tiptop view.

There are two more possibilities of this inclined plane.

(i) One of the edges is in VP

Here the airplane is kickoff causeless to be lying in VP with an edge perpendicular to HP. Then complete the projections in three steps.

(ii) A corner of the given plane is in VP, and then the starting position (STEP i) is keep the line joining that corner and eye of the plane parallel to HP and complete the projections

Fig. Projections of a thin plate ABCD, measuring 40 mm x 30 mm. Diagonal Air conditioning is inclined at xxx⁰ HP & diagonal BD is inclined at 45⁰ to VP.

In the initial stage, assume the aeroplane parallel to HP.

First draw the peak view with diagonal AC parallel to footing line xy.

Projection the front view a' b' c' d'.

Describe another front making diagonal a'c' 30⁰ to HP. Project the second top view as shown.

Tilt diagonal b_aned_ane to make an angle of 45⁰ to VP. Draw the third forepart view as shown.

Traces of a plane

When a given plane when extended will meet the planes of projection in a direct line. This line is the TRACE of the plane. In the HP, information technology is a HORIZONTAL TRACE (HT). In the vertical plane, it is the VERTICAL TRACE (VT). However there is an exception to the trace of a airplane i.eastward. There Volition Exist NO TRACE ON THE PRINCIPAL PLANE TO WHICH THE GIVEN Aeroplane IS PARALLEL. Obtain the concluding projections by ane of the two methods.

(i) Change of Position method

(2) Modify of reference line method

Draw the projections of planes for the following cases:

(i) Firstly, given plane perpendicular to the both the principal planes of project

(ii) Secondly, given aeroplane is parallel to i and perpendicular to the other principal planes of projection

(iii) Thirdly, given plane is perpendicular to ane and inclined to the other chief planes of projection

(4) Fourthly, given plane inclines to both the principal planes of projection

(v) Find HT and VT of the given airplane in each case.

https://www.mesubjects.cyberspace/wp-admin/post.php?post=7335&action=edit MCQ Projection of Planes

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Source: https://mesubjects.net/projections-traces-plane/

Trace of Plane in Engineering Drawing

PROJECTIONS AND TRACES OF

A Airplane Class NOTES

Plane projections a plane

help in the projection of solids.

Projection of oblique planes teach to

tackle difficult problems. Planes are

inclined to both HP and VP. In add-on,

projection of oblique planes makes

more knowledgeable and more than

confident. Projections and traces of planes makes

projection of solids elementary & like shooting fish in a barrel.

Projection of Planes

Start with the projection of a betoken.

Number of points makes a line. Draw projections of a line.

Lines course planes. Depict projections of a plane.

Thus we achieve the final aim.

Definition of a airplane

Perpendicular to both the Primary planes of projection

Parallel to i and inclined to the other main planes of projection ( ϴ to HP and⊥ to VP)

Inclined to both the Principal planes of projection, called oblique planes (ϴ to HP and Ф to VP)

Fig. Projections of Planes

Aeroplane perpendicular to the principal planes of projection

These perpendicular planes have ii dissimilar positions.

(a) Perpendicular to both the Principal Planes of Projections

When such a airplane is projected, the Front view & top view will appear equally straight lines. These straight lines are perpendicular to reference line x y.

(b) Perpendicular to one and inclined to the other

(i) A Plane perpendicular to HP and inclined to VP

The Front view on VP will appear equally apparent shape. It is smaller than the actual plane. The top view on HP volition appear as an inclined line to reference line x y.

(ii) Given Plane perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP

The top view on HP appears as an apparent shape. it is smaller than the bodily plane.

Front view appears as inclined line to reference line x y on VP.

Note: When given plane is perpendicular to one and inclined to the other principal planes of project. Complete the projections in two steps.

Example i Plane inclined to VP and perpendicular to HP

First footstep

Given Plane inclined to VP. Have it parallel to VP. Draw the front view. Information technology gives the true shape. The peak view appears as a line parallel to ten y.

Second step

Tilt the airplane till information technology becomes inclined to VP at the required angle. Brand the line of top view equally inclined to x y at the required bending. Draw its Front view on VP. It is the final projections of the given aeroplane.

Case 2 Plane inclined to HP and perpendicular to VP

Step 1

Given aeroplane inclined to HP. Have it parallel to HP. Top view gives the true shape. The Front view appears as a line parallel to x y.

Step 2

Now tilt the plane till it becomes inclined to HP at the required angle. Make the Line of front view inclined to x y at the required angle. Draw the Top view on the HP. It becomes the terminal projections of the given airplane.

OBLIQUE Airplane

A aeroplane inclined to both HP and VP is an oblique plane. There are 2 unlike cases.

CASE 1

Oblique plane inclines at ϴ to HP and Ф to VP. It has one edge or bore or diagonal parallel to HP. Then do the projections in three steps.

STEP 1

Assume the airplane to be parallel to HP with an border perpendicular to VP and draw the projections. Front view will be a line and pinnacle view gives the true shape of the given plane.

STEP two

Now tilt it brand the required bending ϴ with HP. In the front view the required angle ϴ will exist visible and top view will become smaller in size.

Pace three

Turn the airplane to make angle Ф with the VP, draw the projections. Only the position of the Height View will change but shape and size will not change. Distances of the corners from x y will remain the same as in 2nd front end view.

There are 2 more possibilities of this inclined plane.

(i) One of the edges is in HP

Hither the plane is offset causeless to be lying in HP with an edge perpendicular to VP. Then complete the projections in three steps.

(ii) A corner of the given plane is in HP, then the starting position (Stride 1) is go on the line joining that corner and center of the aeroplane parallel to VP and complete the projections.

Example 2

The oblique aeroplane inclines at Ф to HP and at ϴ to VP. It has 1 edge or diameter or diagonal parallel to VP. Then complete the projections in iii steps.

STEP 1

Presume the plane to exist parallel to VP with an edge perpendicular to HP and draw the projections. Top view will be a line and Front view gives the true shape of the given aeroplane. These are anest front view and 1st top view.

Footstep 2

Tilt it to make the required bending Ф with VP. In the top view the required bending Ф volition be visible and front view will become smaller in size. These will be 2nd front view and twond top view.

STEP three

Turn the plane to make angle ϴ with the HP, draw the projections. But the position of the Front View will change merely its shape and size will not alter. Distances of the corners from x y will remain the same equally in second tiptop view.

There are two more possibilities of this inclined plane.

(i) One of the edges is in VP

Here the airplane is kickoff causeless to be lying in VP with an edge perpendicular to HP. Then complete the projections in three steps.

(ii) A corner of the given plane is in VP, and then the starting position (STEP i) is keep the line joining that corner and eye of the plane parallel to HP and complete the projections

Fig. Projections of a thin plate ABCD, measuring 40 mm x 30 mm. Diagonal Air conditioning is inclined at xxx0 HP & diagonal BD is inclined at 450 to VP.

In the initial stage, assume the aeroplane parallel to HP.

First draw the peak view with diagonal AC parallel to footing line xy.

Projection the front view a' b' c' d'.

Describe another front making diagonal a'c' 300 to HP. Project the second top view as shown.

Tilt diagonal banedane to make an angle of 450 to VP. Draw the third forepart view as shown.

Traces of a plane

(i) Change of Position method

(2) Modify of reference line method

Draw the projections of planes for the following cases:

(i) Firstly, given plane perpendicular to the both the principal planes of project

Presume the plane to exist parallel to VP with an edge perpendicular to HP and draw the projections. Top view will be a line and Front view gives the true shape of the given aeroplane. These are ane^st front view and 1st top view.

Tilt it to make the required bending Ф with VP. In the top view the required bending Ф volition be visible and front view will become smaller in size. These will be 2^nd front view and two^nd top view.

Fig. Projections of a thin plate ABCD, measuring 40 mm x 30 mm. Diagonal Air conditioning is inclined at xxx⁰ HP & diagonal BD is inclined at 45⁰ to VP.

Describe another front making diagonal a'c' 30⁰ to HP. Project the second top view as shown.

Tilt diagonal b_aned_ane to make an angle of 45⁰ to VP. Draw the third forepart view as shown.